Column subtraction with borrowing (regrouping) is the paper method for subtracting multi-digit numbers. 1000 − 1 is a classic test because it needs a chain of borrows.
How to use the Long Subtraction Calculator
- Minuend
- Subtrahend
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How it works
The numbers are aligned on their decimal points. If the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit, 10 is borrowed from the column to the left. If the subtrahend is larger, the calculator subtracts the other way round and adds a minus sign.
Formula
Subtract each column from right to left; borrow 10 from the next column when the top digit is smaller
Worked example
Inputs — Minuend: 1000; Subtrahend: 1.
Results — Difference = 999; Column subtraction = 1000
− 1
──────
999; Number of borrows = 3.
Key terms
- Minuend
- The number subtracted from.
- Subtrahend
- The number subtracted.
Frequently asked questions
What are the minuend and subtrahend?
In 1000 − 1, the minuend is 1000 and the subtrahend is 1.
What is borrowing?
Taking 1 from the next column to the left, which adds 10 to the current column.
How do I check a subtraction?
Add the difference and the subtrahend – you should get the minuend.
What if the second number is larger?
The difference is negative.